Occurrence of Soybean Sleeping Blight Caused by Septogloeum sojae in Korea

Sleeping blight was observed on soybean plants grown in Yanggu, Suwon and Geumsan from 2005 to 2011. Symptoms developed on stems and pods of affected soybean plants. Five fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased plants and identified as Septogloeum sojae based on their morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed on soybean plants by artificial inoculation. This is the first report of S. sojae causing sleeping blight in soybean plants in Korea.

Leaf Spot and Stem Rot on Wilford Swallowwort Caused by Stemphylium lycopersici in Korea

In June 2012, leaf spot and stem rot were observed on Wilford Swallowwort plants grown in Cheonan, Korea. Three fungal isolates obtained from the diseased leaves and stems were identified as Stemphylium lycopersici, based on morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics and pathogenicity. This is the first report of leaf spot and stem rot on Wilford Swallowwort caused by S. lycopersici.

Occurrence of Clubroot on Shepherd's-purse Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Clubroot symptoms were frequently observed on roots of shepherd's-purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) grown in a field in Nonsan, Chungnam province, Korea in March, 2009. Many resting spores were found in the cells of the root gall tissues collected from the field. The clubroot pathogen was identified as Plasmodiophora brassicae based on its morphological and pathological characteristics. This is the first report that P. brassicae causes clubroot of shepherd's-purse in Korea.

Occurrence of Violet Root Rot on Membranous Milk Vetch Caused by Helicobasidium mompa in Korea

Severe violet root rot occurred in a field of membranous milk vetch in Bonghwa, Korea, in October 2010. Two fungal isolates from the diseased plants were identified as Helicobasidium mompa based on their morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics. This is the first report that H. mompa causes violet root rot on membranous milk vetch in Korea.

Leaf Spot of Yam Caused by Pseudophloeosporella dioscoreae in Korea

Leaf spot symptoms were frequently observed on yam plants grown in the Yeoju area in Korea during a disease survey in 2008. A total of five isolates of Pseudophloeosporella sp. were obtained from the infected leaves of yam plants. All of the isolates were identified as Pseudophloeosporella dioscoreae based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. A phylogenetic tree derived from the internal transcribed spacer sequences of the fungal isolates showed that the fungus is distinctly separated from species in other related genera. P. dioscoreae isolates caused very tiny spots on leaves of yam plants two weeks after artificial inoculation which were similar to those observed in the field. This is the first report that Pseudophloeosporella dioscoreae causes leaf spot in yams in Korea.

Effect of metal primer and thermocycling on shear bonding strength between the orthodontic bracket and gold alloy / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal primers and thermocycling on shear bond strength between the orthodontic bracket and gold alloy. METHODS: For this study, 80 specimens made of dental gold alloy were divided into 8 groups based on the combination of metal primers (none, Alloy primer, Metaltite, V-primer) and thermocycling (with and without thermocycling). Shear bond strength testing was performed with a universal testing machine. Bond failure sites were classified by a modified ARI (Adhesive Remnant Index) score. RESULTS: All metal primer treated groups showed a significantly higher shear bond strength than the only sandblasting treated group without thermocycling (p0.05). Bond failure sites of the metal primer treated group without thermocycling occurred at gold alloy/adhesive interface, whereas there were no differences on bonding failure sites in the groups with thermocycling. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that using metal primer on gold alloy enhances the initial bracket bond strength. But, this effect was not shown with thermocycling.

Occurrence of Fuligo gyrosa Causing Slime Mold of Oriental Melon

Recently, a severe slime mold infestation affected oriental melon plants in fields in Chilgok county, Gyeongbuk province, Korea. Specimens were collected from the fields and examined for identification. A species of Myxomycetes, Fuligo gyrosa, was identified based on its morphological characteristics. This is the first report that F. gyrosa causes slime mold of oriental melon.

Occurrence of Anthracnose on Highbush Blueberry Caused by Colletotrichum Species in Korea

A total of 82 isolates of Colletotrichum species were obtained from anthracnose symptoms of highbush blueberry trees grown in the Gochang area of Korea during a disease survey in 2008. Out of the isolates, 75 were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the others as C. acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Twenty six of C. gloeosporioides isolates produced their teleomorph Glomerella cingulata in PDA culture. Three isolates of each C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum caused anthracnose symptoms on the leaves by artificial inoculation, which were similar to what was observed in the orchards. Previously in Korea, only C. gloeosporioides has been reported as causing anthracnose in blueberries. This is the first report that C. acutatum causes anthracnose in the highbush blueberry in Korea.

Involvement of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor(MIF) in Experimental Uric Acid Nephropathy / 대한신장학회잡지

Chronic deposition of uric acid in the kidney can lead to progressive tubulointerstitial injury with granuloma formation. We hypothesized that uric acid crystal deposition may induce granuloma formation by stimulating local expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF), which is a known mediator of delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH). A model of acute uric acid nephropathy was induced in rats by the administration of oxonic acid (an inhibitor of uricase) together with uric acid supplements. Kidney tissue examined at 35 days showed widespread tubulointerstitial damage with intratubular uric acid crystals deposition and granuloma formation. Tubules within the areas of granuloma showed a six-fold increase in MIF mRNA compared to uninvolved areas by in situ hybridization. Moreover, the areas of increased MIF mRNA expression correlated with sites of dense accumulation of macrophages and T cells. Control rats fed a normal diet had no discernible evidence of renal disease by routine light microscopy and minimal tubular expression of MIF mRNA and protein. These data suggest that intrarenal granulomas in urate nephropathy may be the consequence of a crystal induced DTH-like reaction mediated by MIF.

The Catheter Removal of Polymicrobial Peritonitis in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) / 대한신장학회잡지

Polymicrobial peritonitis is a relatively uncommon complication and it's clinical characteristics, risk factor and optimal managernent remain controversial. To identify indications for catheter removal in polymicrobial peritonitis, we reviewed the 340 episodes that occured in 168 patients of CAPD peritonitis during past 7 years to identify those. Polymicribial peritonitis was the 18 epoisodes in 18 patients of all peritonitis. First, 18 patients with polymicrobial peritonitis (P-P) did not show significant differences in the demographic features compared to 130 patients with single organism peritonitis (S-P). In contrast to Staphylococcus in S-P, the most common causative organisrn in P-P was pseudomonas (23%). Also sgnificantly more catheters were removed in P-P than S-P (P=0.001). Second, we cornpared group I, the patients responded to antibiotics only, and group II, those who needed catheter removal. The group I was 7 (39%) and the group II was 11 (61%). No patient of group I died and two patients of group II died. Between group I and group II, there were no significant differences in the demographic features. However, patients whose dialysate-WBC counts were below 100 at 3rd day after start of antibiotics were more significantly frequent in group I than group II. Among combination of causative organisms in P-P, most of Pseudornonas (6/9) and fungus (4/4) were treated by catheter removal. In conclusion, more catheters were removed in P-P than S-P. When dialysate WBC at 3rd day after start of antibiotics were over 100 and causative organism included pseudomonas or fungus in P-P, catheter removal was needed. We suggest that the kinds of organisms isolated and early response to antibiotics influence on the outcome of polymicrobial peritonitis.